Ho arola ho latela mokhoa oa ho sebetsa, mokhoa oa ho boloka le mongobo ke o mong oa mekhoa e sebelisoang haholo ea ho arola lijong tsa liphoofolo.

Ho ea ka mokhoa ona, lijo li ka aroloa ka lijo tse omeletseng tsa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng, lijo tse entsoeng ka makotikoting le lijo tse metsi tse ruuoang lapeng.Tsela e 'ngoe ke ho arola lijo ho latela boleng ba tsona le mokhoa oa thekiso ea 'maraka.Lijo tsa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng li ka aroloa ka lijo tse tloaelehileng tsa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng le lijo tse tsebahalang tsa lapeng.

sejo se ommeng sa phoofolo ya lapeng

Mofuta o tloaelehileng oa lijo tsa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng tseo beng ba liphoofolo ba li rekang ke lijo tse omeletseng tsa lapeng.Lijo tsena li na le mongobo oa 6% ho isa ho 12% le 88% e omileng.

Li-grits, li-biscuits, powders, le lijo tse ikhohomosang kaofela ke lijo tse omeletseng tsa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng, tse ratoang haholo ke lijo tse ikhohomosang.Metsoako e atileng haholo ea lijo tsa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng tse omeletseng ke lijo tsa protheine tsa limela le liphoofolo, joalo ka lijo tsa corn gluten, lijo tsa soya, lijo tsa likhoho le nama le lihlahisoa tsa tsona, le lijo tse ncha tsa protheine ea liphoofolo.Mehloli ea lik'habohaedreite ke lijo-thollo tse sa sebetsoang kapa lijo-thollo tse kang poone, koro le raese;mehloli ea mafura ke mafura a liphoofolo kapa oli ea meroho.

Ho etsa bonnete ba hore lijo li na le homogenous le ho phethahala nakong ea ho kopanya, livithamine le liminerale li ka eketsoa nakong ea ho kopanya.Boholo ba lijo tsa kajeno tse omeletseng li sebelisoa ka extrusion.Extrusion ke ts'ebetso ea hang-hang ea mocheso o phahameng o phehang, o bōpa le ho phunya lijo-thollo ha o ntse o kenya liprotheine.Mocheso o phahameng, khatello e phahameng, le phello ea ho atolosa le starch gelatinization ka mor'a ho theha ke tsona tse ntle ka ho fetisisa.Ho phaella moo, phekolo e phahameng ea mocheso e ka boela ea sebelisoa e le mokhoa oa sterilization ho felisa likokoana-hloko tsa pathogenic.Ka mor'a moo, lijo tse entsoeng ka extruded lia omisoa, li pholile ebe lia kenngoa.Hape, ts'ebeliso ea mafura le lihlahisoa tsa tsona tse omeletseng kapa tse senyang metsi li ka sebelisoa ka boikhethelo ho ntlafatsa tatso ea lijo.

Mokhoa oa ho hlahisa libisikiti tsa ntja le grits ea katse le ntja e hloka mokhoa oa ho baka.Mokhoa ona o kenyelletsa ho kopanya metsoako eohle hammoho ho etsa hlama ea homogeneous, ebe e apehoa.Ha u etsa li-biscuits tsa lapeng, hlama e ka bōptjoa kapa ea khaoloa ka sebopeho se lakatsehang, 'me li-biscuits tse besitsoeng li tšoana le likuku kapa li-crackers.Ha ho etsoa lijo-thollo tse mahoashe tsa katse le lintja, basebetsi ba ala hlama holim’a pane e khōlō ea ho baka, ba e bake, ba e khaole likotoana tse nyenyane ka mor’a hore e pholile ebe ba e paka.

Lijo tse omeletseng tsa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng li fapana haholo ka sebopeho sa phepo, sebopeho sa motsoako, mekhoa ea ho e lokisa le chebahalo.Seo ba tšoanang ka sona ke hore metsi a batla a le tlaase, empa protheine e fapana ho tloha ho 12% ho ea ho 30%;mme mafura a teng ke 6% ho isa ho 25%.Ho tlameha ho nahanoa ka mekhahlelo e kang motsoako oa motsoako, likahare tsa limatlafatsi le matla a matla ha ho hlahlojoa lijo tse omileng tse fapaneng.

sejo sa phoofolo ya lapeng se batlang se le mongobo

Botumo ba lijo tsa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng tse seng mongobo bo theohile lilemong tsa morao tjena.Mongobo oa lijo tsena ke 15% ho isa ho 30%, 'me lihlahisoa tse tala ke li-tissue tsa liphoofolo tse foreshe kapa tse leqhoa, lijo-thollo, mafura le tsoekere e bonolo.E na le sebopeho se bonolo ho feta lijo tse omeletseng, e leng se etsang hore e amohelehe ho liphoofolo le ho ntlafatsa tatso ea eona.Joalo ka lijo tse omeletseng, lijo tse ngata tse mongobo li ntšoa ha li ntse li etsoa.

Ho itšetlehile ka ho hlophisoa ha metsoako, lijo li ka chesoa pele ho extrusion.Ho boetse ho na le litlhoko tse khethehileng bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lijo tse batlang li le mongobo.Ka lebaka la metsi a mangata a lijo tse batlang li le mongobo, metsoako e meng e tlameha ho eketsoa ho thibela sehlahisoa hore se senyehe.

Ho lokisa mongobo oa sehlahisoa e le hore se se ke sa sebelisoa ke libaktheria ho hola, tsoekere, sirapo ea poone le letsoai li kenngoa lijong tsa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng.Lijo tse ngata tsa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng tse seng mongobo li na le tsoekere e ngata e bonolo, e thusang ho ntlafatsa tatso ea tsona le tšilo ea lijo.Li-preservative tse kang potassium sorbate li thibela kholo ea tomoso le hlobo, kahoo li fana ka tšireletso e eketsehileng ho sehlahisoa.Maemo a manyane a organic acid a ka theola pH ea sehlahisoa mme a ka boela a sebelisoa ho thibela kholo ea baktheria.Hobane monko oa lijo tse seng mongobo hangata o monyane ho feta oa lijo tse ka makotikoting, 'me ho phutheloa ha motho ka mong ho bonolo, ho ratoa ke beng ba liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng.

Lijo tsa phoofolo ea lapeng tse mongobo ha li hloke sehatsetsi pele li buloa 'me li na le nako e telele ea ho phela.Ha ho bapisoa holim'a motheo oa boima ba 'mele o omileng, theko ea lijo tse omileng hangata e lipakeng tsa lijo tse omeletseng le tse ka makotikoting.

Lijo tsa lapeng tse ka makotikoting

Ts'ebetso ea canning ke mokhoa oa ho pheha ka mocheso o phahameng.Lisebelisoa tse sa tšoaneng tse tala li kopantsoe, li phehiloe le ho kenngoa ka har'a makotikoti a tšepe a chesang a nang le likhurumetso 'me a phehoa ka 110-132 ° C metsotso e 15-25 ho itšetlehile ka mofuta oa sekoti le setshelo.Lijo tsa liphoofolo tse ruuoang ka makotikoting li boloka 84% ea mongobo oa tsona.Metsi a mangata a etsa hore lihlahisoa tse entsoeng ka makotikoting li be monate haholo, tse khahlehang ho bareki ba fepa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng, empa hape li bitsa chelete e ngata ka lebaka la litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa ho sebetsa.

Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea lijo tsa liphoofolo tse ruuoang ka makotikoting: e fanang ka phepo e nepahetseng ka theko e felletseng;e 'ngoe e sebelisoang feela e le tlatsetso ea lijo kapa bakeng sa merero ea bongaka feela e le nama ea makotikoting kapa lihlahisoa tsa nama.Lijo tse entsoeng ka makotikoting tsa theko e phahameng, tse leka-lekaneng li ka ’na tsa e-ba le mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea lintho tse tala, tse kang nama e se nang mafura, likhoho kapa tlhapi, lijo-thollo, liprotheine tsa meroho tse ntšitsoeng, le livithamine le liminerale;tse ling li ka ba le mofuta o le mong kapa tse peli feela tsa nama e se nang mafura kapa lihlahisoa tsa liphoofolo, 'me li kenyelle li-additives tse lekaneng tsa vithamine le liminerale ho netefatsa lijo tse felletseng.Sehlopha sa bobeli sa lijo tsa liphoofolo tse ruuoang ka makotikoting hangata ke lihlahisoa tsa nama tse entsoeng ka makotikoting tse nang le nama e thathamisitsoeng ka holimo, empa ha li na li-additives tsa vithamine kapa diminerale.Lijo tsena ha lia etsetsoa ho fana ka phepo e nepahetseng 'me li reretsoe ho sebelisoa feela e le tlatsetso ho lijo tse nang le theko e feletseng, tse leka-lekaneng kapa bakeng sa merero ea bongaka.